Minnesota

The Gopher State Established 1858, 32nd State

Climate

Average Seasonal High and Low Temperatures • Spring: 53/32°F • Summer: 78/56°F • Fall: 53/34°F • Winter: 22/4°F

Geography

Minnesota is known as the Land of Ten Thousand Lakes, but there are as many as 12,000 lakes in the state. Where did they come from? Giant glaciers (sheets of ice) covered the state thousands of years ago. They ground down the earth and formed lake beds. When the glaciers melted, these lake beds filled with water. In total, Minnesota's lakes have 90,000 miles (144,841 km) of shoreline. This is more than the shorelines of California, Florida, and Hawaii combined! Because the glaciers flattened the earth, flatlands and rolling hills cover most of Minnesota. There are exceptions, such as the rocky Superior Uplands region in the northeast, where the glaciers had little effect on the hard rock of this mineral-rich region. Minnesota's total area is 86,943 square miles (225,181 sq km), making it the 12th largest state.

Resources and Economy

Wheat, timber, and iron ore (used to make steel) were the backbone of the Minnesota economy one hundred years ago. Today, Minnesota still relies on these resources, while also expanding into new areas, such as publishing, high technology, machinery production, retail trade, and finance. Many Minnesotans also work in wood manufacturing, the state's second largest industry. Farming remains important, and wheat is a main crop. The state is also a leader in the production of corn, soybeans, wild rice, dairy goods, and livestock. Food processing (preparing and packaging food) is a major industry.

Population

5,197,621

Government

Capital:
State Abbreviation: MN
Governor: Tim Pawlenty (Republican)
U.S. Senators: 2
Norm Coleman (Republican)
Amy Klobuchar (Democratic-Farmer-Labor)
U.S. Representatives: 8
    Republicans: 3
    Democrats 5
State Senators: 67
State Representatives: 134
Counties: 87

Fun Facts

Statehood The 1800s brought big changes for Minnesota. In 1819, the U.S. Army built Fort Snelling where the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers come together. Settlers moved nearby and established the first white farms. Steamboats began traveling up the Mississippi to Fort Snelling. This made getting to the state much easier, and thousands of loggers and farmers moved in. Minneapolis and Saint Paul, the Twin Cities, were founded. Six thousand people lived in the new Minnesota Territory in 1850. By 1858, the population had exploded to 150,000!